MONOGRAPHIC STUDY

　　Environmental Sociology

　　Socioeconomic Status, Behavioral Adaptation, and Expectation for Government Performance:An analysis of the differentiation of residents smogrelated outmigration intention

       Hong Dayong, Fan Yechao & Li Peifan

　　Abstract：Environmental pollution is one of the most significant factors inducing migration, according to empirical observations and previous studies.Drawing on phone survey data collected in Beijing, this study focuses on residents' smog-related out-migration intention（SOI).The results of descriptive data analysis indicate that a considerable amount of residents in Beijing worry about the hazards of air pollution characterized by smog .Some residents, however, express their SOI in ways that cannot be fully explained by the environmental factor.The residents' socio-economic status shows limited effects on SOI, while patterns of behavioral adaptation to smog contribute to SOI with two separate effects.Moreover, the residents' SOI is inhibited significantly by their positive expectations towards government performance on smog prevention.This study constructs an “Expectation for Government Performance” approach, a new perspective on environmental migration.

　　Mixed Types of Contention: An explanatory framework for the current farmers environmental contention

       Chen Tao & Xie Jiabiao

　　Abstract：Research on farmers' environmental contention has been conducted under the logical framework of “infringementcontention”, ignoring their multi-orientation and contexts. The study of the oilspill incident in Dalian on July 16th, 2010 shows that there are three kinds of targets in environmental contention. Contention for rights protection aims at safeguarding the farmers' legitimate rights. The aim of interestsseeking contention is to obtain compensation through the pollution incident. The contention for nominal rectification intends to rectify the reputation of the people involved in grassroots mobilization. The mix of these types is the new trend of environmental contention.

　　Public Participation and System Trust in the Process of Environmental Risk Communication

       Gong Wenjuan

　　Abstract：This paper explores the relationship between public participation and system trust in the process of environmental risk communication.We find that disordered and diffuse participation behavior restrains the trust to government, market and expert, while formal regulative participation behavior is helpful for promoting system trust.Diffuse participation behavior strengthens the ability of participating willingness in promoting market trust but weakens the effect of participation ability on promoting media/community trust.Regulative participation behavior strengthens the effect of participation ability on promoting market trust.It is found that the trust to the government and market significantly impact people's risk-response behaviors, while multi-system non-trust will result in excessive risk response behaviors.Therefore, it will be helpful to reduce the social risk triggered by environmental risk by building harmonious trust relationship and effective mechanism of environmental risk communication.Constructing harmonious trust relationship and effective mechanism of environmental risk communication depends on not only the social systems to effectively release the space for public participation, but also the improvement of the publics participation ability and social responsibility by encouraging them to participate in public life.

　　PAPER

　　Consultation Game and Strategic Traits between Superior and Subordinate Government in Administrative Division Adjustment:The case of SS town

        Zhang Jianzuo, Liu Shiding & Li Guicai

　　Abstract：Based on the administrative division adjustment practices in recent years in China, we firstly construct a theoretical model which includes the factors of space and location order.The analysis emphasizes on the division decision models of the government and consultation model between the superior and subordinate governments.We then present the strategies used during administrative division adjustment in SS town, between F city and N district, by our theoretical model.The strategic traits of the participants of the game under specific circumstances contain obtaining benefit outside by interior adjustment, integrating zero-sum and positive-sum games and the “win-win” game. Moreover, this article pushes forward the analysis of governmental behaviors and interactive mode between the superior and subordinate governments.

　　Transform through Experimentation and Discourse Reconstruction during the Rural Reform Process

        Li Jie

　　Abstract：Social scientists hold the viewpoint that it was the Chinese peasants who pushed the rural reform from bottom up.However, based on the analysis of oral history resources from Anhui province, one of the first provinces to start rural reform, this paper finds that the political leaders played an irreplaceable role during this process.In the late period of collectivization, the old governance model of the Partystate had been eroded, and the divergence of opinions among the Party gave an opportunity to the regional experiments.The reformers successfully grasped and condensed the villagers' aspiration of reform through flexible adjustments of policies during special circumstances.They made possible of policy modification through regional “experimental units”.In the end, they transformed the farmers “survival ethics” to the ideological discourse of the Partystate to maintain the legitimacy and consistency of the state image during the market transformation.

　　Basic Model of Urban Community Governance and Its Governance Performance:A case study based on four commercial residential neighborhoods

       Chen Peng

　　Abstract：By proposing the concept of community regime, this paper examines the developmental course of the four commercial residential neighborhoods, which evolves from the “market despotism and other-governance” system to the “homeowner-oriented self-governance system”.The paper explores the governance model, governance performance, influence factors and structural features of the communities.This research shows that the community regime system based on the homeowners' committee is able to release a substantial “institutional bonus”, and significantly improves the governance situation and the homeowners well-being in commercial residential neighborhoods.It also offers possible clues for overcoming the governance dilemma of oligarchy and fragmentation in the current commercial residential neighborhoods.

　　Migrant Chinese Christianity in France：Overlapping networks and communal commitments

       Cao Nanlai

　　Abstract：Globalization should be understood not only as economic homogenization but also in terms of the worldwide dispersion of religious culture and moral values.In this context, migrants' religion plays an important role in binding overseas Chinese as a community.Drawing on ethnographic field research, this study examines transnational Christian business networks originated from Wenzhou, southeastern China, and linking China to France.It portrays overlapping networks of Chinese of Wenzhou origin connected through the economy, traditional family values and an indigenized Christianity.By emphasizing multidirectional international migration and globalization, this phenomenon contradicts the dominant assimilation model in the immigrant religious studies of North America, and cannot be seen as the unilateral penetration into Chinese society by the powerful Western culture.

　　Who Determines “Giving Birth to a Son”:How institution and culture affect womens fertility choices in social transformation

       Wu Ying, Yang Yiyin, Wei Xiaojiang & Chen En

　　Abstract：After the implementation of the onechild family planning policy throughout China in 1980, fertility culture and the institution become two important factors that determine womens fertility selection.In accordance with the influence of the traditional fertility culture and the family planning policy, we divide communities into four types:(1)“Strong institution and strong culture”, corresponding to the villageturnedcommunity;（2)“Strong institution and weak culture”, corresponding to the danwei community;（3)“Week institution and strong culture”, corresponding to the current labour forcedrained rural community;（4)“Weak institution & weak culture”.Based on the social psychology of culture and the theory neoinstitutionalism in sociology, we explore the influence of the endogenous fertility culture and the achieved family planning policy, how people make choices when facing the conflict between the fertility culture and the institution, how new community fertility culture is constructed to sustain the implementation of the family planning policy, and how the raise of families financial status impact on the effect of the institution and culture.

　　Market Competition, Collective Consumption and Environment:Life satisfaction of urban population and its impact factors

       Zhu Di

　　Abstract：This paper proposes a framework consisting of market competition, collective consumption, environment quality and individual life quality factors.This framework contains multiple access to welfare, i.e., the market, state, environment and individual, and prescribed values for different access, i.e., competition, justice, and sustainability.Based on this framework, the empirical analysis uses data from China Social Survey 2013.It is revealed that market competition factors including income and GDP per capita have significant impact on life satisfaction.Findings also emphasize that collective consumption factors,including social security, public service and social justice are crucial to life satisfaction.Even if objective measures of environment quality are introduced, satisfaction with the local environment remains significant.As implied by the empirical analysis, it is necessary to improve the social security system, income distribution institution and environment management in order to achieve sustainable growth of life satisfaction.

　　Domestic Immigration, Residential Status and Crime Rates

       Cheng Jianxin, Liu Junqiang & Wang Jun

　　Abstract：Although it is commonly perceived that immigration leads to high crime rate, this relationship is far from conclusive.This paper contributes to this line of research by exploring the case of China, a country undergoing rapid and profound urbanization.We collect and analyze the arresting and accusation data from the prosecutorial office of 306 prefectures in China, combined with interviews with 9 policemen and procurators from 5 provinces.We find that domestic migration rate of different cities is significantly related to the accusation rate, while housing renting rate is a better predictor of arresting rate.These findings imply that migration may introduce crime, but mainly through residential status.Compared with the accusation cases, arresting cases indicate more grave crimes in China.It suggests that residential status plays an important role in the crime emergences and prevention.The findings call for reflections on urbanization and its unintentional consequences.Housing policy should not be considered merely in its economic sense and we should never neglect it as an important social policy instrument in crime prevention and social inclusion.